
Motorcycle Microusability
A microusability report of a motorcycle
Problem Statement
Watch a family member or friend mount and ride a motorcycle. Analyze and rank perceived effort of discrete microtasks from the point of getting on the motorcycle until cruising on the road.
Objective
This report aims to define the audience of motorcycles and identify their goals of use and ownership. This report examines: Who is a primary audience of this vehicular product? What are some goals in riding their motorcycle? How do the characteristics of the vehicle impact these goals? To evaluate the goals of the motorcyclist, five tasks will be used to give insight into the decisions behind motorcyclist vehicle choice. The tasks, once completed, are ranked and analysed based upon the perceived effort extended by the test subject in order from easiest to hardest: feeling the clutch, releasing the kickstand, reviewing the dash, mounting the motorcycle, turning the ignition key. Ultimately, this micro usability test identifies a target audience and typical goals and tasks to evaluate the design of existing motorcycle models.
Keywords: motorcycle ergonomics, recreational vehicle
Methods
Requirements & Constraints
Task Analysis
Tools
Video Observation
Introduction
Motorcycles are small vehicles that offer a much different experience of the road than a typical car. A motorcyclist must deal with conditions such as weather and traffic with greater sensitivity and nuance as they are immediately exposed to their surroundings (This is Your Brain on Riding, 2020). Motorcycle ergonomics is a critical line of study for designers with sometimes the most severe of consequences. While commercials and media sell motorcyclists as an exclusive community of fringed leather jackets and skull-and-bones bandanas, these vehicles are relatively common and highly accessible to users regardless of their leather paraphernalia. With some education and training, the average person would be able to successfully operate this vehicle (Mossey, 2012). However, that does not mean that the average person would seek out the experience of riding on a motorcycle as this vehicle only appeals to certain audiences.
This particular study will observe the experience of a single participant via video recording. The participant will be the primary study of this micro usability test. It is important to note some of his demographic information as it likely impacted his decision in purchasing his motorcycle. The participant is a 25-year-old middle-class male, who uses his motorcycle recreationally and relies on a car for regular transport to his job in Boston from his apartment in a suburban area outside of the city. Suburban living offers the space to have a recreational vehicle of this scale in storage in an apartment parking lot. In addition, this suburban typology permits easy access to roads that are more suitable to the ideal venture of a motorcyclist: smooth, 40-50mph, one or two lanes in width, and scenic in nature. This user also has friends and family members that are familiar with motorcycles that further contribute to his participation and ownership of his vehicle.
Methods
For the purposes of this evaluation of a motorcyclist audience and goals, two methods were used to collect data. Firstly, general research was conducted and gathers from various sources on the internet, and, secondly, a single video of a user participant was received via iPhone messaging. However, some limitations of this micro usability test include a small sample size (one participant), limited time frame (30-second video of a single ride), and logistics of the observation (participant knowledge of video). It should also be noted that the observed tasks include results that are specific to the model of the motorcycle owned by the user participant, residing and abiding by laws of the US.
User
The defined audience of this micro usability test, based on the user participant, can be defined by several key characteristics: seeks thrill/excitement, enjoys challenging outdoor recreational activities, looks to engage with like-minded communities, and dedicates time to this interest. In this case, this vehicle is intended for recreational use as the participant uses a car for primary transport to and from work.
Firstly, this audience, seeking thrills and the “exhilaration of a great ride” (Take Care of Your Vertebrae, and They'll Take Care of You, 2020). And as such, some of the words that this audience tends to use include “corner carving,” “corner rocket,” “thumper engine,” “agility,” “prowess,” and “power”(14 Best, 2020). The audience is looking for opportunities to engage in activities to raise adrenaline.
Secondly, this audience enjoys challenging outdoor recreational activities and generally seeks to explore new places and landscapes. It would seem that ridership experience corresponds to experience in length of time and diversity of terrain (14 Best Beginner Motorcycles, 2020). Photos and stories of weekend excursions and cross-country journeys point to the extensive landscapes that have been collected to form a narrative of particular journeys (Pass Masters, 2020).
Thirdly, the motivation guiding the audience to proceed with this purchase seems to be rooted in a feeling that this purchase admits him into a particular community. Based on the language of the motorcycle websites in this study, it seems that riders are usually male and have a very specific relationship with their vehicles, oftentimes the motorcycles are assigned a female gender. This personification amplifies the value and complexity of emotions that the rider feels toward this vehicle—there is a particular allure to the shape and body of the motorcycle. And yet, as a part of this like-minded community, individuals still seek to define their unique identities as evidenced by the plethora of customization options for each bike model and style (14 Best Beginner Motorcycles, 2020).
Finally, it is critical to note that the defined audience is relatively well educated on this type of vehicle and has chosen to make a significant investment on his motorcycle. The defined audience has chosen to allocate the necessary funds and energy to educating himself on the vehicles, obtaining a license and insurance, purchasing an appropriate vehicle that fits his needs, and maintaining his vehicle for regular use. Further, the audience understands the physical parameters of motorcycle ridership as a person must unusually be fit enough to maneuver the large vehicle and maintain balance while riding.
Goals & Tasks
Most motorcyclists and also likely the participant of this study would argue that key features to examine in motorcycle selection include appropriate: “seat, foot controls, handlebars, and suspension” (Take Care of Your Vertebrae, and They'll Take Care of You, 2020)
For a motorcyclist there are several primary functions that are critical to the experience of the ride, these include: starting the bike, getting seated, preparing to ride/positioning body, checking levels on dash, and ensuring grip/feel on handlebars. These functions can be directly translated into actionable tasks for evaluation (in the same relative order): turning the ignition key, mounting the motorcycle, releasing the kickstand, reviewing the dash, and feeling the clutch. .
Results & Data Analysis
Ranking
For the purposes of this evaluation of motorcyclist goals, the tasks have been ranked from easiest to hardest on a categorical numerical system (1-5). In this use case, the user conducted the steps in the following order to prepare for his ride: insert the key in the ignition, mount the motorcycle, release the kickstand, review the dash, and finally feel the clutch. The tasks, in their assumed chronological order do not correspond to the order in terms of easiest to most difficult to execute.
Easiest: Feeling the clutch
This movement seemed the most natural and required the least amount of movement to ensure the grip/feel on handlebars. The user rotated his wrist around the handlebar to feel the clutch while listening to the response from the vehicle. To follow this motion, the user raises his feet from the ground and places them on the pedals in preparation to drive forward. An affordance of motorcycle design is that a rider has immediate access to the mechanical systems, the clutch, which in turn controls the speed, steering, and acceleration (Walker, 2007).
Easy: Releasing the kickstand
To prepare to ride/position the body the user places his feet on ground and maneuvers handlebars to the upright position while supporting the weight of the motorcycle with his feet on the ground. The user then kicks his leg forward and places the center of his instep on the now elevated kickstand. He then uses the momentum of this kick to bring his boot backward with enough force to release the kickstand. Returns his foot easily to the ground once the kickstand has been fully released.
Moderate: Reviewing the dash
To check levels on dash, the user, with both feet on the ground, sits upright on the motorcycle and adjusts his neck position to visually review the dash. The arcing motion of his head and neck indicate that he uses an arch to review all the dash components in a counter-clockwise direction. While this motion does not seem like it would normally require much effort, in this case, it is apparent at a greater exertion is involved due to the limited line of sight from the helmet which obstructs much peripheral view.
Hard: Mounting the motorcycle
To get seated, the user places one foot on the ground and holds one handle bar, which appears to be at a natural height for the average american male. He then performs the largest movement of the entire sequence, as he swings one leg over the seat, which is relatively low in height. To combat any missteps, the seat is a durable leather in material which is resistant to scuffs and offers significant durability. Simultaneously, the user finds the other handle with his other hand, which appears relatively easy to perform as it is in his sightline. Once seated, the user seems to be positioned naturally.
Hardest: Turning the ignition key
Finally, the most difficult task to execute would seem to be the easiest to perform: starting the bike. The user obtains the key in his hand, as he approaches the motorcycle. The user must lean down, past his waist to find the key location. He first finds the ignition by visually identifying it and then searches by relative touch. For this particular model of motorcycle, when standing or seated the view to the ignition is obstructed. This task seemed the most difficult as it seems unlikely that even a seasoned user would be able to insert the key when naturally standing or seated. In this use case it is clear that the rider must exert unnecessary effort to complete this task.
Results & Reflections
To conclude, the identified audience of this analysis can be defined by the following attributes: seeks thrill/excitement, enjoys challenging outdoor recreational activities, looks to engage with like-minded communities, and dedicates time to this interest.
This audience relies on several functions of their vehicle to gain the entire experience that they seek:
starting the bike,
getting seated,
preparing to ride/positioning body,
checking levels on dash, and
ensuring grip/feel on handlebars.
These goals can be evaluated as tasks:
turning the ignition key,
mounting the motorcycle,
releasing the kickstand,
reviewing the dash, and
feeling the clutch.
Next Steps
This microusablity test examines these key tasks and reveals some of the key areas that an audience will prioritize in buying a bike model. It is critical to conduct further evaluation of this specific bike model with a larger sample size. Next steps for a motorcycle company to redesign an existing bike model would include a more detailed analysis of not only the user audience but also the vehicle under evaluation.
References
14 Best Beginner Motorcycles. (2020, May 11). Retrieved September 10, 2020, from https://www.motorcyclelegalfoundation.com/best-beginner-motorcycles/
Cook, M. (2016, March 18). Why and How We Measure Motorcycle Ergonomics. Retrieved from https://www.motorcyclistonline.com/why-and-how-we-measure-motorcycle-ergonomics/
Gearing Up: Using All-in-One Usability Platforms to Understand Motorcycle Customers. (2019, October 14). Retrieved September 10, 2020, from https://www.userzoom.com/blog/gearing-up-using-all-in-one-usability-platforms-to-understand-motorcycle-customers/
Mossey, M. E., Brooks, J. O., & Venhovens, P. J. (2012, November 30). Usability Evaluation of a Harley-Davidsons' Head Unit and Handlebar Controls by Users with No Experience. Retrieved September 10, 2020, from https://trid.trb.org/view/1242026
Pass Masters. (n.d.). Retrieved September 10, 2020, from https://blog.hog.com/
RevZilla. (2015, February 23). Motorcycle Ergonomics Simulator. Retrieved September 10, 2020, from https://www.revzilla.com/common-tread/motorcycle-ergonomics-simulator
Sokohl, J. (2008, January 07). Motorcycle UX: Riding in the Fast Lane. Retrieved September 10, 2020, from https://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2008/01/motorcycle-ux-riding-in-the-fast-lane.php
Take Care of Your Vertebrae, and They'll Take Care of You. (2020, April 2). Retrieved September 10, 2020, from https://www.insurance.harley-davidson.com/the-open-road/safety/motorcycle-ergonomics
The Importance of Motorcycle Ergonomics. (2020, November 11). Retrieved September 10, 2020, from https://youngchoppers.com/the-importance-of-motorcycle-ergonomics/
This is Your Brain on Riding. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2020, from https://www.insurance.harley-davidson.com/the-open-road/profiles/ucla-study-on-how-motorcycle-riding-effects-the-brain
Walker, G. H., Stanton, N. A., & Young, M. S. (2007). Easy rider meets knight rider: An on-road exploratory study of situation awareness in car drivers and motorcyclists. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 45(3), 307. doi:10.1504/ijvd.2007.014907